The Avian Lung and Air-sac System
نویسنده
چکیده
IN the following pages the author has attempted to review briefly the main contributions pertinent to an understanding of the avian lung and airsac system. Supplementing this review is a description of a method for casting the system using Woods Alloy. Casts were made of the lungs and air sacs of the Domesticated Pigeon (Columba livia). This bird was chosen because considerable work had already been done on its respiratory system. I am indebted to the Department of Zoology at Dartmouth College for furnishing me the necessary equipment with which to pursue the experimental aspect of this problem. I also wish to thank Dr. N. K. Arnold and Dr. W. W. Ballard for their encouraging enthusiasm and assistance.
منابع مشابه
Avian cholera in a southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica.
A southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) was found dead at Potter Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland, Antarctica. The adult male was discovered approximately 48 hr after death. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were compatible with avian cholera and the bacterium Pasteurella multocida subsp. gallicida, serotype A1 was isolated from lung, heart, liver, pericardial sac, and ai...
متن کاملEvidence for Avian Intrathoracic Air Sacs in a New Predatory Dinosaur from Argentina
BACKGROUND Living birds possess a unique heterogeneous pulmonary system composed of a rigid, dorsally-anchored lung and several compliant air sacs that operate as bellows, driving inspired air through the lung. Evidence from the fossil record for the origin and evolution of this system is extremely limited, because lungs do not fossilize and because the bellow-like air sacs in living birds only...
متن کاملThe avian respiratory system: a unique model for studies of respiratory toxicosis and for monitoring air quality.
There are many distinct differences (morphologic, physiologic, and mechanical) between the bird's lung-air-sac respiratory system and the mammalian bronchoalveolar lung. In this paper, we review the physiology of the avian respiratory system with attention to those mechanisms that may lead to significantly different results, relative to those in mammals, following exposure to toxic gases and ai...
متن کاملVentilation patterns of the songbird lung/air sac system during different behaviors.
Unidirectional, continuous airflow through the avian lung is achieved through an elaborate air sac system with a sequential, posterior to anterior ventilation pattern. This classical model was established through various approaches spanning passively ventilated systems to mass spectrometry analysis of tracer gas flow into various air sacs during spontaneous breathing in restrained ducks. Inform...
متن کاملRespiratory infection of turkeys with Listeria monocytogenes Scott A.
The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A was studied by challenging day-old male turkey poults by air sac inoculation with tryptose phosphate broth containing 10(0) cfu (control), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) cfu (low challenge), or 10(7) and 10(8) cfu (high challenge) of the Scott A (serotype 4b) strain of L. monocytogenes. Mortality at 2 wk postinfection (PI) ranged from 25% for low cha...
متن کامل